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Similipal Tiger Reserve
Introduction
Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha is one of India’s largest and most biologically diverse protected areas. Included among the original Project Tiger reserves in 1973, it is also a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Known for its extensive sal forests, spectacular waterfalls, rolling plateaus and rich wildlife, Similipal forms a vital part of the Eastern Ghats–Chotanagpur landscape.
Quick Facts
| Particular | Details |
| State | Odisha |
| District | Mayurbhanj |
| Tiger Reserve Notification | 1973 |
| Total Area | 2,750.00 sq km |
| Core Area | 1,194.75 sq km |
| Buffer Area | 1,555.25 sq km |
| Landscape | Eastern Ghats–Chotanagpur Plateau |
| Forest Types | Tropical Moist and Dry Deciduous Forests |
| Major Rivers | Budhabalanga, Khairi, Palpala and West Deo |
| Best Time to Visit | November to June |
Location
Located in Mayurbhanj district of northern Odisha, the reserve occupies the Similipal hills and surrounding forests.
History
Originally a hunting preserve of the Mayurbhanj royal family, Similipal became a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1957, a Tiger Reserve in 1973 under Project Tiger and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2009.
Landscape, Geography & Habitat
The reserve covers about 2,750 sq km, comprising a 1,194.75 sq km core and a 1,555.25 sq km buffer. The terrain includes forested plateaus, valleys, perennial streams, waterfalls and grasslands.
Flora
Vegetation is dominated by sal along with asan, piasal, mahua, kusum, bamboo, arjun, jamun, ficus species, medicinal plants and diverse grasses.
Fauna
Key wildlife includes Bengal Tiger, Asian Elephant, Leopard, Dhole, Gaur, Sambar, Chital, Barking Deer, Mouse Deer, Wild Boar, Giant Squirrel, Pangolin and more than 300 bird species. Reptiles include Mugger Crocodile, King Cobra and Indian Rock Python.
Rivers & Water Bodies
The Budhabalanga, Khairi, Palpala and West Deo rivers originate or flow through the reserve, supporting rich riverine ecosystems.
Other Attractions
Barehipani and Joranda waterfalls, lush forests, birdwatching, nature camps and scenic viewpoints are major attractions.
Weather & Climate
Summers are warm, the southwest monsoon brings heavy rainfall and winters are cool and pleasant.
How to Reach
Nearest airport: Bhubaneswar. Nearest railway stations: Baripada, Balasore and Jashipur (road access). The reserve is well connected by road from Baripada and Balasore.
Best Time to Visit
November to June is the preferred season for wildlife viewing and nature tourism.
Accommodation
Forest Department nature camps, forest rest houses and Odisha Tourism accommodation are available at authorised tourism locations with prior booking.
Conservation Highlights
Similipal is internationally significant for tiger, elephant and biodiversity conservation. Habitat restoration, fire management, anti-poaching patrols and scientific monitoring are key conservation measures.
Visitor Tips
Obtain necessary permits, wear earth-toned clothing, avoid littering, maintain silence and follow Forest Department instructions.
Did You Know?
• Similipal was among the original Project Tiger reserves.
• It is also a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
• Barehipani is one of India’s highest waterfalls.
Last Updated
July 2026