Part 1 – Mammals

Note: The IUCN Red List is updated periodically. The statuses below reflect the currently recognized Critically Endangered (CR) and Endangered (EN) categories for species occurring in India.

S.No.	Common Name	Scientific Name	IUCN Status	Distribution in India	Major Threats
1	Asiatic Lion	Panthera leo persica	EN	Gir Landscape, Gujarat	Small population, disease, habitat fragmentation
2	Bengal Tiger	Panthera tigris tigris	EN	58 Tiger Reserves and adjoining forests	Poaching, habitat loss, prey depletion
3	Asian Elephant	Elephas maximus indicus	EN	Southern, Central, Eastern and Northeast India	Habitat fragmentation, rail/road accidents, conflict
4	Dhole (Indian Wild Dog)	Cuon alpinus	EN	Western Ghats, Central India, Northeast, Himalayas	Habitat loss, disease from domestic dogs, prey decline
5	Red Panda	Ailurus fulgens	EN	Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, North Bengal	Habitat loss, bamboo decline, poaching
6	Indian Pangolin	Manis crassicaudata	EN	Most of peninsular and central India	Illegal wildlife trade
7	Chinese Pangolin	Manis pentadactyla	CR	Northeast India	Illegal trade, poaching
8	Lion-tailed Macaque	Macaca silenus	EN	Western Ghats	Forest fragmentation, plantations
9	Nilgiri Tahr	Nilgiritragus hylocrius	EN	Western Ghats	Habitat degradation, invasive plants
10	Hangul (Kashmir Stag)	Cervus hanglu hanglu	CR	Dachigam landscape, Jammu & Kashmir	Habitat loss, low population
11	Himalayan Musk Deer	Moschus leucogaster	EN	Western & Central Himalayas	Poaching for musk
12	Alpine Musk Deer	Moschus chrysogaster	EN	Eastern Himalayas	Illegal hunting
13	Pygmy Hog	Porcula salvania	CR	Assam	Grassland burning, habitat conversion
14	Hispid Hare	Caprolagus hispidus	EN	Terai grasslands of Assam & Uttar Pradesh	Grassland loss
15	Wild Water Buffalo	Bubalus arnee	EN	Assam, Chhattisgarh	Hybridisation, habitat loss
16	Malabar Civet	Viverra civettina	CR	Western Ghats (possibly surviving in Kerala)	Habitat destruction
17	Namdapha Flying Squirrel	Biswamoyopterus biswasi	CR	Arunachal Pradesh	Extremely restricted range
18	Elvira Rat	Cremnomys elvira	EN	Eastern Ghats	Habitat degradation
19	Nicobar Treeshrew	Tupaia nicobarica	EN	Nicobar Islands	Habitat loss, natural disasters
20	Andaman White-toothed Shrew	Crocidura andamanensis	EN	Andaman Islands	Habitat degradation
21	Jenkins’ Shrew	Crocidura jenkinsi	CR	South Andaman	Restricted distribution
22	Kondana Soft-furred Rat	Millardia kondana	CR	Maharashtra	Small isolated population
23	Large Rock Rat	Cremnomys elvira	EN	Eastern Ghats	Habitat degradation
24	Salim Ali Fruit Bat	Latidens salimalii	EN	Tamil Nadu & Kerala	Roost disturbance
25	Andaman Horseshoe Bat	Rhinolophus cognatus	EN	Andaman Islands	Cave disturbance
26	Nicobar Leaf-nosed Bat	Hipposideros nicobarulae	CR	Nicobar Islands	Habitat loss
27	Wroughton’s Free-tailed Bat	Otomops wroughtoni	EN	Karnataka, Meghalaya	Cave disturbance
28	Andaman Spiny Shrew	Crocidura hispida	EN	Andaman Islands	Habitat degradation
29	Nicobar White-tailed Shrew	Crocidura nicobarica	EN	Nicobar Islands	Restricted habitat
30	Kashmir Red Deer (Hangul)	Cervus hanglu hanglu	CR	Kashmir Valley	Habitat fragmentation
31	Brown Palm Civet	Paradoxurus jerdoni	EN	Western Ghats	Forest loss
32	Gee’s Golden Langur	Trachypithecus geei	EN	Assam	Habitat fragmentation
33	Western Hoolock Gibbon	Hoolock hoolock	EN	Northeast India	Deforestation
34	Capped Langur	Trachypithecus pileatus	EN	Northeast India	Forest loss
35	Phayre’s Langur	Trachypithecus phayrei	EN	Tripura, Mizoram, Assam	Habitat fragmentation
36	Arunachal Macaque	Macaca munzala	EN	Arunachal Pradesh	Habitat degradation
37	Kashmir Musk Deer	Moschus cupreus	EN	Northwestern Himalayas	Poaching
38	Dugong (Sea Cow)	Dugong dugon	EN	Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay, Andaman & Nicobar	Seagrass loss, fishing nets
39	Ganges River Dolphin	Platanista gangetica gangetica	EN	Ganga, Brahmaputra systems	Pollution, dams, fishing gear
40	Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphin	Sousa plumbea	EN	West coast of India	Coastal development, fisheries
41	Blue Whale	Balaenoptera musculus	EN	Indian Ocean	Ship strikes, entanglement
42	Sei Whale	Balaenoptera borealis	EN	Offshore Indian waters	Ship strikes, climate change
43	Fin Whale	Balaenoptera physalus	EN	Indian Ocean	Ship strikes
44	Sperm Whale	Physeter macrocephalus	EN	Offshore Indian waters	Entanglement, underwater noise
45	Arabian Sea Humpback Whale	Megaptera novaeangliae (Arabian Sea population)	EN	Arabian Sea	Ship strikes, fishing gear

Part 2 – Birds (Endangered & Critically Endangered)

Note: The table below includes bird species that occur naturally in India and are currently listed as Critically Endangered (CR) or Endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List.

S. No.	Common Name	Scientific Name	IUCN Status	Distribution in India	Major Threats
1	Great Indian Bustard	Ardeotis nigriceps	CR	Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka	Power-line collisions, habitat loss, hunting
2	Bengal Florican	Houbaropsis bengalensis	CR	Assam, Uttar Pradesh	Grassland conversion, agriculture
3	Lesser Florican	Sypheotides indicus	EN	Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra	Grassland loss, farming
4	Jerdon’s Courser	Rhinoptilus bitorquatus	CR	Andhra Pradesh	Habitat degradation, disturbance
5	White-bellied Heron	Ardea insignis	CR	Arunachal Pradesh	River modification, disturbance
6	Forest Owlet	Athene blewitti	EN	Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat	Forest degradation
7	White-rumped Vulture	Gyps bengalensis	CR	Northern, Central and Peninsular India	Diclofenac poisoning
8	Indian Vulture (Long-billed Vulture)	Gyps indicus	CR	Central and Peninsular India	Diclofenac poisoning
9	Slender-billed Vulture	Gyps tenuirostris	CR	Assam, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh	Diclofenac poisoning
10	Red-headed Vulture	Sarcogyps calvus	CR	Scattered across India	Poisoning, food shortage
11	Egyptian Vulture	Neophron percnopterus	EN	Widespread	Poisoning, electrocution
12	Steppe Eagle	Aquila nipalensis	EN	Winter visitor across India	Electrocution, habitat loss
13	Pallas’s Fish Eagle	Haliaeetus leucoryphus	EN	Northeast India, Himalayan foothills	Wetland degradation
14	Greater Adjutant	Leptoptilos dubius	EN	Assam, Bihar	Wetland loss, disturbance
15	Black-bellied Tern	Sterna acuticauda	EN	Ganga and Brahmaputra river systems	River modification
16	Indian Skimmer	Rynchops albicollis	EN	Chambal, Ganga, Mahanadi	Sand mining, river disturbance
17	Sociable Lapwing	Vanellus gregarius	CR	Winter visitor in northwest India	Habitat loss along migration routes
18	Spoon-billed Sandpiper	Calidris pygmaea	CR	East coast (winter visitor)	Coastal habitat loss
19	Far Eastern Curlew	Numenius madagascariensis	EN	East coast wetlands	Reclamation of mudflats
20	Steppe Grey Shrike	Lanius pallidirostris	EN	Northwest India (winter)	Habitat degradation
21	Green Peafowl	Pavo muticus	EN	Rare visitor in Northeast India	Hunting, habitat loss
22	Himalayan Quail	Ophrysia superciliosa	CR (Possibly Extinct)	Uttarakhand	Habitat change, historical hunting
23	Siberian Crane	Leucogeranus leucogeranus	CR	Former winter visitor	Wetland loss, hunting
24	Baer’s Pochard	Aythya baeri	CR	Northeast India (rare winter visitor)	Wetland degradation
25	Yellow-breasted Bunting	Emberiza aureola	CR	Winter visitor	Illegal trapping
26	Indian Yellow Weaver	Ploceus manyar flaviceps	EN	Northeast India	Wetland degradation
27	White-winged Duck	Asarcornis scutulata	EN	Assam, Arunachal Pradesh	Forest wetland loss
28	Greater Spotted Eagle	Clanga clanga	EN	Winter visitor across North India	Wetland degradation
29	Eastern Imperial Eagle	Aquila heliaca	EN	Winter visitor in North India	Electrocution, habitat loss
30	Steppe Buzzard (regional population)	Buteo buteo vulpinus	EN (regional concern)	Winter visitor	Habitat degradation
31	Black-necked Crane	Grus nigricollis	NT globally; protected in India	Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh	Wetland disturbance
32	Cheer Pheasant	Catreus wallichii	VU globally; endangered in India	Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand	Grassland burning, habitat loss
33	Bugun Liocichla	Liocichla bugunorum	VU globally; highly restricted	Arunachal Pradesh	Habitat disturbance
34	Nicobar Megapode	Megapodius nicobariensis	EN	Nicobar Islands	Coastal habitat loss, tsunamis
35	Masked Finfoot	Heliopais personatus	EN	Northeast India	Wetland destruction
36	Nordmann’s Greenshank	Tringa guttifer	EN	East coast (winter visitor)	Coastal reclamation
37	Great Knot	Calidris tenuirostris	EN	Coastal India (winter)	Loss of intertidal habitat
38	Indian Spotted Eagle	Clanga hastata	VU globally; declining	Northern and Central India	Wetland and woodland loss
39	Black-tailed Godwit	Limosa limosa	NT globally; declining in India	Wetlands across India	Wetland degradation
40	White-headed Duck	Oxyura leucocephala	EN	Rare winter visitor	Wetland loss
41	Asian Woolly-necked Stork	Ciconia episcopus	VU globally; declining	Northern & Central India	Wetland loss, agriculture
42	Greater Flamingo (selected inland populations)	Phoenicopterus roseus	Regional conservation concern	Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu	Wetland alteration

Part 3 – Reptiles & Amphibians (Endangered & Critically Endangered)

Note: This table covers reptile and amphibian species occurring in India that are listed as Critically Endangered (CR) or Endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List. India has many narrowly endemic frogs, caecilians, geckos, skinks and turtles, so this is a representative list of the principal threatened species.

S. No.	Common Name	Scientific Name	Class	IUCN Status	Distribution in India	Major Threats
1	Gharial	Gavialis gangeticus	Reptile	CR	Chambal, Girwa, Son, Ramganga rivers	River regulation, fishing nets, sand mining
2	Red-crowned Roofed Turtle	Batagur kachuga	Reptile	CR	Chambal & Ganga river systems	Egg collection, habitat loss
3	Northern River Terrapin	Batagur baska	Reptile	CR	Sundarbans (West Bengal)	Hunting, mangrove degradation
4	Three-striped Roofed Turtle	Batagur dhongoka	Reptile	EN	Ganga basin	River alteration
5	Black Softshell Turtle	Nilssonia nigricans	Reptile	CR	Assam, Tripura	Wetland loss, hunting
6	Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle	Chitra indica	Reptile	EN	Ganga, Godavari, Mahanadi systems	Sand mining, fishing
7	Burmese Peacock Softshell Turtle	Nilssonia formosa	Reptile	CR	Arunachal Pradesh	Illegal trade
8	Assam Roofed Turtle	Pangshura sylhetensis	Reptile	EN	Assam, Meghalaya	Wetland degradation
9	Arakan Forest Turtle	Heosemys depressa	Reptile	CR	Mizoram (historic records)	Illegal wildlife trade
10	Elongated Tortoise	Indotestudo elongata	Reptile	CR	Northeast India	Poaching, habitat loss
11	Green Sea Turtle	Chelonia mydas	Reptile	EN	Indian coast	Fishing nets, plastic pollution
12	Hawksbill Turtle	Eretmochelys imbricata	Reptile	CR	Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep	Shell trade, coral reef decline
13	Leatherback Turtle	Dermochelys coriacea	Reptile	VU globally; nesting population threatened	Andaman & Nicobar	Fisheries, marine pollution
14	Olive Ridley Turtle	Lepidochelys olivacea	Reptile	VU globally; protected	Odisha, east coast	Trawl nets, coastal development
15	Yellow Monitor	Varanus flavescens	Reptile	EN	Northern India	Hunting, wetlands loss
16	Ganges Softshell Turtle	Nilssonia gangetica	Reptile	EN	Ganga basin	Hunting, pollution
17	Travancore Tortoise	Indotestudo travancorica	Reptile	EN	Western Ghats	Habitat loss
18	Cochin Forest Cane Turtle	Vijayachelys silvatica	Reptile	EN	Kerala	Forest degradation
19	McCann’s Shieldtail	Uropeltis macrolepis	Reptile	EN	Western Ghats	Habitat fragmentation
20	Anaimalai Shieldtail	Uropeltis pulneyensis	Reptile	EN	Tamil Nadu	Habitat loss
21	Travancore Wolf Snake	Lycodon travancoricus	Reptile	EN	Western Ghats	Deforestation
22	Andaman Cobra	Naja sagittifera	Reptile	EN	Andaman Islands	Habitat degradation
23	Nicobar Pit Viper	Trimeresurus labialis	Reptile	EN	Nicobar Islands	Restricted range
24	Malabar Gliding Frog	Rhacophorus malabaricus	Amphibian	EN	Western Ghats	Forest loss
25	Purple Frog	Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis	Amphibian	EN	Kerala, Western Ghats	Habitat fragmentation
26	Resplendent Shrub Frog	Raorchestes resplendens	Amphibian	CR	Eravikulam NP, Kerala	Tiny range, climate change
27	Anamalai Flying Frog	Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus	Amphibian	EN	Western Ghats	Forest degradation
28	Kottigehar Dancing Frog	Micrixalus kottigeharensis	Amphibian	EN	Karnataka	Stream pollution
29	Amboli Toad	Xanthophryne tigerina	Amphibian	EN	Maharashtra	Habitat destruction
30	Beddome’s Toad	Duttaphrynus beddomii	Amphibian	EN	Western Ghats	Forest degradation
31	Malabar Tree Toad	Pedostibes tuberculosus	Amphibian	EN	Western Ghats	Habitat loss
32	Silent Valley Tropical Frog	Micrixalus silvaticus	Amphibian	EN	Kerala	Stream alteration
33	Gundia Indian Frog	Indirana gundia	Amphibian	CR	Karnataka	Hydroelectric projects
34	Chalazodes Bubble-nest Frog	Raorchestes chalazodes	Amphibian	CR	Tamil Nadu	Habitat fragmentation
35	Ponmudi Bush Frog	Raorchestes ponmudi	Amphibian	CR	Kerala	Restricted range
36	Kalakkad Bush Frog	Raorchestes jayarami	Amphibian	CR	Tamil Nadu	Habitat degradation
37	Anaimalai Bush Frog	Raorchestes dubois	Amphibian	EN	Western Ghats	Forest fragmentation
38	Travancore Bush Frog	Raorchestes travancoricus	CR	Kerala	Habitat loss
39	White-spotted Bush Frog	Raorchestes akroparallagi	EN	Kerala	Climate change
40	Cardamom Bush Frog	Raorchestes ravii	EN	Kerala	Plantation expansion
41	Wayanad Bush Frog	Raorchestes obscurus	CR	Kerala	Very restricted range
42	Small Tree Frog	Rhacophorus lateralis	EN	Western Ghats	Habitat degradation
43	Bombay Caecilian	Gegeneophis seshachari	EN	Western Ghats	Soil disturbance
44	Mahabaleshwar Caecilian	Gegeneophis mhadeiensis	EN	Western Ghats	Habitat loss
45	Silent Valley Caecilian	Uraeotyphlus interruptus	EN	Kerala	Forest degradation