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Periyar Tiger Reserve
Introduction
Periyar Tiger Reserve, situated in the Cardamom Hills of Kerala’s Western Ghats, is one of India’s best-known protected areas. Declared a Tiger Reserve in 1978, it is globally recognised for its thriving populations of Bengal Tigers and Asian Elephants, the scenic Periyar Lake and innovative community-based conservation programmes. The reserve also forms part of the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Western Ghats.
Quick Facts
| Particular | Details |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Idukki and Pathanamthitta |
| Tiger Reserve Notification | 1978 |
| Total Area | 925.00 sq km |
| Core Area | 881.00 sq km |
| Buffer Area | 44.00 sq km |
| Landscape | Western Ghats (Cardamom Hills) |
| Forest Types | Tropical Evergreen, Semi-evergreen, Moist Deciduous and Montane Forests |
| Major Water Body | Periyar Lake |
| Best Time to Visit | October to March |
Location
The reserve lies in the southern Western Ghats near Thekkady and forms an important part of the Periyar landscape in Kerala.
History
Originally protected around the Mullaperiyar Dam reservoir, the area became a wildlife sanctuary before being notified as a Tiger Reserve in 1978. It is now internationally recognised for participatory conservation involving local communities.
Landscape, Geography & Habitat
Covering about 925 sq km, including an 881 sq km core and a 44 sq km buffer, the reserve consists of evergreen forests, grasslands, shola patches, valleys and the iconic Periyar Lake that supports exceptional biodiversity.
Flora
Vegetation includes evergreen forests rich in rosewood, ebony, wild jack, Cullenia, bamboo, reeds, orchids, medicinal plants and montane grasslands.
Fauna
The reserve supports Bengal Tiger, Asian Elephant, Leopard, Dhole, Sloth Bear, Gaur, Sambar, Barking Deer, Nilgiri Langur, Lion-tailed Macaque in adjoining landscapes, Nilgiri Marten and over 320 bird species. King Cobra, Indian Rock Python and numerous amphibians are also found.
Rivers & Water Bodies
Periyar Lake, created by the Mullaperiyar Dam, is the ecological heart of the reserve, supported by numerous streams and wetlands.
Other Attractions
Boat safaris on Periyar Lake, bamboo rafting, guided nature walks, trekking, birdwatching and interpretation centres are major attractions.
Weather & Climate
The reserve experiences a pleasant tropical mountain climate with cool winters and heavy southwest and northeast monsoon rainfall.
How to Reach
Nearest airport: Madurai and Cochin International Airport. Nearest railway stations: Kottayam and Madurai. Thekkady is the principal gateway by road.
Best Time to Visit
October to March offers pleasant weather, though wildlife tourism continues for much of the year.
Accommodation
Forest Department guest houses and Kerala Tourism accommodation are available at authorised locations near Thekkady, subject to advance booking.
Conservation Highlights
Periyar is internationally recognised for eco-development initiatives, community participation, anti-poaching patrols, scientific monitoring and successful protection of tigers and elephants.
Visitor Tips
Reserve activities in advance, wear muted clothing, avoid disturbing wildlife and strictly follow Forest Department guidelines.
Did You Know?
• Periyar is famous for elephant herds seen along the lake.
• It is one of India’s pioneering community-based conservation models.
• The reserve lies within the UNESCO-listed Western Ghats.
Last Updated
July 2026